Makeup what does hg stand for

Nigeria, from June to December , was recruited. All the participants were adults males and females and were recruited only if they use depigmenting agents. These was ascertained by obtaining information from the back of the containers or packets of waste containers; leaflets containing useful information concerning active ingredients were used to ascertain that the products contained well-known active lightening substances such as hydroquinone, mercury compounds and steroids.

Questionnaire was used to obtain information on the most frequently used cosmetic and mode of application with full consent of the patients. Relevant information such as age, sex, occupation, demographic information as well as names and types of products utilized within the last three months; length of and regularity of application and body parts involved; amount or volume utilized monthly and cost involved were determined.

Also medical history of the patients, if they have had other medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus or renal disorders, and the duration of such problems. Manner and method of presenting the problem and clinical examination already are carried out in the affected areas. Where adequate information were not obtained or unsatisfactory, relevant laboratory tests like mycological studies, venereal disease research laboratory VDRL , blood urea electrolytes, creatinine, urinalysis or skin biopsy were performed on the patients.

The results they obtained showed that there were Of these, Traders The duration of such practice varied from 3 months to 30 years. Utilization of topical steroid amounted to More than 21 different steroid-containing products were utilized, mostly class 1 steroid in The distribution among the participants were, on the body in Pityriasis versicolor was very noticeable and situated at unusual sites, like the medial aspect of the upper and lower limbs among 31 5.

They had deep depigmentation and are linked with superficial atrophy; three patients among them had been associated with diabetes mellitus which is in early stage. Other disorders and complications observed were widespread striae in The study concluded that cosmetic use of topical steroids exposes the users to several cutaneous complications alongside medical and aesthetic problems. Amit et al. In samples consisting of a total of three different brands coded A—C of each product and total five samples of one brand of each sample collected from various retail shops from local market of Gwalior, India, the highest concentration of lead was detected in soap with brand code B 1.

For comparison between same products with different brands, mostly brand A showed the highest concentration soap, 4. The highest concentration of cadmium was detected in shampoo with brand code A 0. The findings showed that lead is a major toxic heavy metal in cosmetic products. Oyelakin et al.

These brands of soap were grouped under four categories: medicated, toilet, skin lightening and laundry soaps. The soaps, purchased from different supermarkets in the Gambia, were used for analyses. They showed that all 16 soap brands contained mercury with concentration ranging from 2. The World Health Organization [ 6 ] review on mercury in skin lightening products revealed that mercury is a common ingredient found in skin lightening soaps and creams as well as other cosmetics such as eye makeup, cleaning products and mascara.

It stated that skin lightening soaps and creams are more commonly used in certain Africa and Asian nations and also among dark-skinned populations in Europe and North America.

It further stated that mercury salts inhibit the formation of melanin, resulting in lighter skin tone. The result also showed that skin lightening products are manufactured in many countries such as the Dominican Republic, Lebanon, Mexico, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand and the United States, and mercury-containing skin lightening products are available for sale over the internet, while individuals from Brazil, Kyrgzstan, Mexico, and the Russian Federation believe that mercury-containing skin lightening products are easy to obtain.

Oyedeji et al. The various cosmetic emulsions country of manufacture were determined by inspection of labels on the cosmetic packaging. The concentration of hydroquinone HQ was determined using a UV spectrophotometer. Heavy metals in the emulsion were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The study concluded that most of the cosmetic emulsion did not contain hydroquinone at levels that are detrimental to the skin, while the heavy metals were within acceptable values.

Nduka et al. This implies that the low levels of these carcinogenic elements to which users of these cosmetics are continually exposed to through the dermal exposure pathway alone over their lifetime are unlikely to pose a non-cancer and cancer risk. This therefore confers a measure of safety and no toxicological concern, but the values for total cancer risk and non-cancer risk subsist entirely on the risk contributed by the heavy metals and do not contain any risk that may be contributed by other hazardous substances as well as from other more common exposure pathways such as inhalation and ingestion.

Minimal exposure level to arsenic can lead to serious illness or death [ 38 ]. Result from Chile establishes a dose-dependent relation between chronic arsenic exposure and various forms of cancer, especially when other risk factors, such as cigarette smoking, are joined. The effect is established to persist below 50 ppb of arsenic [ 39 ]. Studies on inorganic arsenic exposure suggest a small but measurable risk increase for bladder cancer at 10 ppb [ 40 ].

The acute poisoning effects of cadmium are nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache and shock; inhalation of its dust and fumes can cause cough, respiratory distress, congestion of lungs and bronchopneumonia [ 41 ]. The metal accumulates in the liver and kidneys, damaging these organs when the exposure is chronic. Biological half-life of cadmium in humans is estimated at 20—30 years.

Cadmium is listed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency [ 42 ] as one of the priority pollutant metal [ 43 ]. Absorption of lead into the skin is governed by chemical structure; therefore, skin organic lead absorption into the body tissues is more rapid than with inorganic lead compounds because of greater lipid solubility; large amounts of lead gain access to nerve tissue [ 44 ]. Acute effects of lead intake are ataxia, headache, vomiting, stupor, hallucination, tremors and convulsions.

Chronic cases include weight loss, anaemia, kidney damage and memory loss. Lead bioaccumulates in bones and teeth, and it is classified as an environmental priority pollutant by the US EPA.

Oral toxicity of nickel is very low, but ingestion results to hyperglycerine and depression of the central nervous system. Large dose inhalation of nickel dust can cause lung and sinus cancer in humans. Nickel and certain of its compounds are listed by International Agency for Research on Cancer IARC under group 2B carcinogens as possibly carcinogenic to humans [ 45 ]. It is corrosive to skin and causes denaturation and precipitation of tissue proteins. Chronic inhalation of manganese dust or fumes can cause manganism, a nonfatal disease which affects the central nervous system.

The symptoms are mental disorder and disturbance in speech [ 45 ]. Mercury can cause both chronic and acute poisoning. Case control studies have shown effects such as tremors, impaired cognitive skills and sleep disturbance in workers with chronic exposure to mercury vapour even at low concentrations in the range 0.

A study has shown that acute exposure 4—8 hours to calculated elemental mercury levels of 1. Occupational exposure has resulted in broad-ranging functional disturbance, including erythrism, irritability, excitability, excessive shyness and insomnia.

In regular and consistent use, a fine tremor develops and may escalate to violent muscular spasms. Long-term, low-level exposure has been associated with more subtle symptoms of erythrism, including fatigue, irritability, loss of memory, vivid dreams and depression [ 49 , 50 ]. In , the United States Food and Drug Administration revoked the approval of the use of hydroquinone and proposed a ban on all over-the-counter preparations [ 51 ], because it felt that hydroquinone cannot be ruled out as a potential carcinogen.

The reason was based on the absorption in humans and the incidence of neoplasm in rats shown by several studies in which adult rats showed increased rates of tumour development [ 51 ]. Extensive literature documentation reveals that hydroquinone can cause exogenous ochronosis, a disease that deposits blue-black coloration on the skin, if taken orally; but skin preparations containing the ingredient are administered topically [ 51 , 52 ].

Although proper use of hydroquinone as skin lightening agent can be effective, it causes skin sensitivity. The effect can be minimized by daily use of sunscreen with a high persistent pigment darkening PPD rating. Hydroquinone can be combined with alpha hydroxy acids which exfoliate the skin to quicken the lightening process. The most trending research and publication shows that minor constituents of other chemicals such as phthalates, parabens and phenols in personal care products shampoos, toothpaste, soap, etc.

The chemicals can enter the body by cutaneous penetration through the skin, inhalation or accidental ingestion. A worrisome aspect is that exposure is very much possible through mothers during pregnancy and breastfeeding [ 53 ]. In human medicine, hydroquinone is used as a topical application in skin whitening to reduce the colour of skin by decreasing the production of melanin pigment in the skin. Since hydroquinone lightens the skin by reducing melanin, it simultaneously increases exposure of the skin to UV rays, thereby increasing skin cancer risks due to UV exposure [ 54 ].

It does not have the same predisposition to cause dermatitis as metals do. Clinical trials and experimental results prove that corticosteroids can cause permanent eye damage by inducing central serous retinopathy CSR or central serous chorioretinopathy CSC [ 56 ]. Different steroid medications, from anti-allergy nasal sprays Nasonex, Flonase to topical skin creams, eye drops Tobradex and prednisone, have been implicated in the development of CSR [ 57 ].

Corticosteroids have been applied on people with traumatic brain injury. In a systematic study in which the authors recommended that people with traumatic head injury should not be routinely treated with corticosteroids [ 58 ], side effects, such as cutaneous addiction with the development of uncomfortable and unsightly dermatoses, can occur with just one 15 g tube of moderate steroid over a period of 1 year [ 59 ].

The use of corticosteroids have severe side effects such as steroid psychosis [ 60 ], hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, cataract, anxiety, depression, colitis, hypertension, ictus, erectile dysfunction, hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, amenorrhoea and retinopathy [ 61 ]. Evidence for corticosteroids causing peptic ulceration is relatively poor except for high doses taken for over a month [ 62 ]; majority of doctors as of still believe this is the case and would consider protective prophylactic measures [ 63 ].

Corticosteroids have a low but significant teratogenic effect, causing a few birth defects per pregnant women treated. Corticosteroids are therefore contraindicated in pregnancy [ 64 ]. Nitrosamine has been established to cause cancer in animal species, which suggests that it may also be carcinogenic in humans. Forums New posts Search forums. What's new New posts New media New media comments Latest activity. Media New media New comments Search media. Log in Register. Search titles only.

Search Advanced search…. New posts. Search forums. Log in. JavaScript is disabled. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Whats Does Hg Mean. Thread starter xEdenx Start date Mar 7, Help Support Makeuptalk. Joined Jul 24, Messages 1, Reaction score 0. I need to brush up on my MUT lingo! Joined Oct 29, Messages 10, Reaction score Joined Feb 13, Messages 6, Reaction score 1.

It means "holy grail". It's used to denote someone's favorite item, something that works best for them. Hope that helps! Joined Aug 9, Messages 15, Reaction score That's right.

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Red 0 symbolizes our commitment to animal welfare and marks a new chapter in our ongoing commitment to cruelty-free beauty. Close search.